With the development of society, people have higher and higher requirements for food safety. Pollution-free vegetables are an indispensable part of quality life. Therefore, how to ensure the production of pollution-free vegetables to meet the needs of people’s lives as soon as possible has become a concern for agricultural technology extension workers and an issue that needs to be solved urgently. The application of humic acid in vegetable production will play a positive role in solving the above problems.
The following is a brief description of several functions of humic acid in the production of pollution-free vegetables:
1. Applying humic acid can improve the utilization rate of fertilizers
Vegetables are fertilizer-loving crops and require a larger amount of fertilizer than ordinary field crops. Therefore, the use of fertilizers within a certain range can significantly promote the growth, yield and quality of vegetables. However, excessive application not only reduces fertilizer efficiency and causes huge economic waste, but also damages the soil structure, causing soil hardening and environmental pollution. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has caused excessive accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in vegetables in many areas and serious pollution of groundwater and soil. The fertilizer utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is low, the fertilizer efficiency is reduced, and the fertilization habits of heavy nitrogen and light potassium, heavy inorganic fertilizers and light organic fertilizers have become major obstacles restricting the production of pollution-free vegetables. Humic acid not only has the quick-acting effect of increasing production of general chemical fertilizers, but also has the functions of activating soil and slow-release fertilization of organic fertilizers. It is also pollution-free and pollution-free. It is of great help to solve the contradiction between developing agriculture and protecting the environment and promoting a virtuous ecological cycle. Very important meaning.
2. The application of humic acid can reduce the amount of pesticide application and reduce pesticide residues in vegetable products.
On the one hand, humic acid has a very good inhibitory effect on certain plant pathogens. The application of humic acid is more than 85% effective in preventing and controlling fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, downy mildew, and root rot. Humic acid is non-toxic and has no side effects, which is beyond the reach of many pesticides. Humic acid can not only significantly promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by plants, but also effectively increase the activities of superoxide dismutase SOD and nitrate reductase NR in plants. Therefore, humic acid helps to improve the resistance and anti-aging ability of vegetables. On the other hand, humic acid has a slow-release and synergistic effect on pesticides, which can reduce the amount of pesticides used. As a non-toxic and non-polluting substance, humic acid can not only be used as a pesticide alone, but also can be mixed with pesticides. Humic acid combined with organic and inorganic phosphorus pesticides can greatly reduce the decomposition rate of organic phosphorus. This is because humic acid molecules contain more hydrophilic groups, which when mixed with pesticides can effectively exert their good dispersion and emulsification effects, thus helping to improve pesticide activity. In addition, humic acid has a large internal surface area and has a strong adsorption effect on organic and inorganic substances. When combined with pesticides, it will form a complex with high stability, thereby exerting a sustained release effect on pesticides. The compound of humic acid and pesticides can reduce the dosage of pesticides by 1/3-1/2 and delay the effectiveness of the pesticides for 3-7 days. Moreover, after compounding humic acid with pesticides, its toxicity is greatly reduced, which is undoubtedly of great significance for reducing environmental pollution and developing pollution-free vegetable production.
3. Humic acid can improve soil
Humic acid is a good soil conditioner. Humic acid has an activating effect on a variety of microorganisms and enzymes in the soil. This is because humic acid is a high-molecular organic compound with large gas capacity, which can provide sufficient carbon and nitrogen elements to soil microorganisms, thereby promoting microbial metabolism and growth and development, and enhancing microbial activity; at the same time, humic acid can also promote the formation of soil aggregate structure. Reduce soil bulk density, increase cation substitution, and buffer pH, thereby improving soil water retention, fertilizer retention, heat preservation and ventilation capabilities, ultimately improving soil structure and fertilizing soil.
